Physiological Research in Northern Alaska

Review physiological field research from 1881, citing the scientists and their studies. At the Naval Arctic Research Lab at Barrow there have been projects on blood analysis, nutritional data, energy and fat metabolism, temperature regulation, animal navigation, eye physiology, reproductive physiology of arctic and temperate zone animals, and measurement of time by animals. Techniques, such as the insertion of radio-capsules in bears and foxes, are illustrated and future research needs for data on man and animals discussed

Vitamin K2 in Animal Health: An Overview

The role of vitamin K in animal health has not received much attention. Vitamin K studies have, for the most part, addressed the use of animals in the investigation of vitamin K physiology and pathophysiology, often using the rodent as a model system. However, vitamin K performs the same role in animals as it does in man and there are areas, such as animal nutrition, where a better understanding of animal requirements in general, and with ageing, could benefit animal health and continued well‐being

A study of the effects of sitosterol ingestion on the serum cholesterol concentrations of two genetically different strains of laboratory mice

A possible interrelationship between serum cholesterol level and atherosclerosis has long interested investigators in the fields of physiology and biochemistry. Cholesterol is found in very high concentrations in the plaques that occlude coronary arteries in man and laboratory animals. It is generally agreed that hypercholesterolemia favors the appearance of atherosclerotic lesions.1\u3c1 In recent years, much information has been accumulated regarding the factors which affect the serum cholesterol level. Exact and detailed biochemical mechanisms are still not clearly understood. However, it has been demonstrated that the serum cholesterol levels of man and several experimental animals can be lowered significantly by various dietary regimens and drug administrations.2,3,4,5 One antihypercholesteremic agent that has aroused considerable interest is the sitosterol group. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of sitosterols from soya bean oil powder on the serum cholesterol levels and to evaluate that effect on the genetic differences two strains of laboratory mice. These two strains of mice, produced previously by selective breeding, differ from each other in their serum cholesterol concentrations

Physiology of man and animals in the Tenth Five-Year Plan: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Congress of the I. P. Pavlov All-Union Physiological Society

Research in the field of animal and human physiology is reviewed. The following topics on problems of physiological science and related fields of knowledge are discussed: neurophysiology and higher nervous activity, physiology of sensory systems, physiology of visceral systems, evolutionary and ecological physiology, physiological cybernetics, computer application in physiology, information support of physiological research, history and theory of development of physiology. Also discussed were: artificial intelligence, physiological problems of reflex therapy, correlation of structure and function of the brain, adaptation and activity, microcirculation, and physiological studies in nerve and mental diseases

Building a Science of Animal Minds: Lloyd Morgan, Experimentation, and Morgan’s Canon

Conwy Lloyd Morgan (1852–1936) is widely regarded as the father of modern comparative psychology. Yet, Morgan initially had significant doubts about whether a genuine science of comparative psychology was even possible, only later becoming more optimistic about our ability to make reliable inferences about the mental capacities of non-human animals. There has been a fair amount of disagreement amongst scholars of Morgan’s work about the nature, timing, and causes of this shift in Morgan’s thinking. We argue that Morgan underwent two quite different shifts of attitude towards the proper practice of comparative psychology. The first was a qualified acceptance of the Romanesian approach to comparative psychology that he had initially criticized. The second was a shift away from Romanes’ reliance on systematizing anecdotal evidence of animal intelligence towards an experimental approach, focused on studying the development of behaviour. We emphasize the role of Morgan’s evolving epistemological views in bringing about the first shift – in particular, his philosophy of science. We emphasize the role of an intriguing but overlooked figure in the history of comparative psychology in explaining the second shift, T. Mann Jones, whose correspondence with Morgan provided an important catalyst for Morgan’s experimental turn, particularly the special focus on development. We also shed light on the intended function of Morgan’s Canon, the methodological principle for which Morgan is now mostly known. The Canon can only be properly understood by seeing it in the context of Morgan’s own unique experimental vision for comparative psychology

Mechanisms of Energy Balance in Obesity

The proper understanding of obesity requires a multifaceted approach. Behavioral considerations of eating and activity patterns do not account for the large between- and within-subjects variance associated with the energy-balance equation. Sources of adaptive and dispositional variance in metabolic rates are reviewed and suggested to be a likely source of importance for the proper conceptualization and intervention of obesity. Five proposed mechanisms of metabolic variation are reviewed with consideration of the supporting evidence for each mechanism. The generalizability of some of the proposed mechanisms is limited because of the scope of past research. However, the roles of lipoprotein lipase in fat storage and brown adipose tissue in thermogenesis are intriguing possibilities for future research with humans

Acute complete heart block in dogs

A study has been conducted immediately and up to 18 days after the surgical production of complete heart block in dogs. Immediately after surgery cardiac output, coronary flow, and mean arterial pressure were reduced in rough proportion to the degree of bradycardia. In time, these measures began to return toward preoperative levels. Paralleling the diminished left ventricular work was a diminished left ventricular oxygen consumption with little consequent change in myocardial efficiency. Small rises were detected in central venous pressure. At autopsy, the only unequivocal abnormality was myocardial hypertrophy which became measurable between 2 and 18 days after operation

Special Libraries, March 1940

Volume 31, Issue 3https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/sla_sl_1940/1002/thumbnail.jp